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2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

A J. H. COLLINS, Jr., & A. 0. GRANGER. PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FORMANUFAGTURING GAS.

Patented Ma, 1 1883.

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N, PETERS. Phomumo m her. Wm

(No Model.) r 2 SheetS-Sheet 2.

A J. H. COLLINS, J1 82; A. 0. GRANGER.

Amos-3s OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUPAUTURING GAS" No. 276,562. PatentedMay 1,1883.

N. PETERS Fholwuino n mr. Washinghm. ac.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH H. COLLINS, JR, AND ARTHUR O. GRANGER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PA.

PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING GAS.

" SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 276,562, dated May 1,1883.

Application filed November 28, 1882. (No model.)

a To all whom it may concern.-

Be, it known that we, JOSEPH H. COLLINS, Jr., and ARTHUR O. GRANGER,both of the city and county of Philadelphia, and State of Heretofore oilhas always been allowed to dripinto the top of the generators or intothe superheater or commingler (as some term the vaporizing-chamber,) andit has been found that, owing to the great pressure from therapidformation of water-gas in the first part of the run, the oil would notrun in, thus making the gas of a low candle-power at first and very richat the last part of the run. Experience has also shown that if thegenerator-tire is too hot lamp-black is rapidly formed from the oil asit drops upon the coal.

Therefore our improvement consists in providing suitable means todeliver the oil to the vaporizing-chamber under great pressure, or abovethat which it is practicable to attain by gravity, and cause it to besprayed, preferably, in the bottom of the superheater at apoint oppositethe gas-inlet from the generator, the temperature at this place beingsufficiently hot to vaporize the oil, but never hot enoughto oarbonizethe same to form lam p-black. Therefore the water-gas com pletelyabsorbs and combines with the oil as it is sprayedinto it, and

" thewhole becomes chemically united inpassing through the superheaterin the usual way. By this means water-gas in a carbureted form may bemade of uniform candle-power throughparatus for, making illuminatingwater gas without this seal in the washer, and so avoiding all thoseevils and obtaining a maximum amount of gas froma given quantity ofmaterials. We provide an automatic seal for closwater-gas, and invarious details about the gas-works, all of which are more fully setforth in the following specification, and shown in the accompanyingdrawings, which form part thereof.

Oil has been run into a coinmingler or vaporizing-chamber in one or moresmall streams, when it is caused to mix with highly-heated water-gas toform an illuminating-gas. mixture so produced is passed down through abed of incandescent carbon, and then to the holder. This is shown in thePierson Patent No. 269,162, of 1882. Oil has also been run into areceiving-vessel arranged between thegeuerator and superheater, and thevapor therefrom allowed to commingle with the watergas as it passes fromthe generator to the superheater, as shown in patent to Springer, No.257,100, of 1882; but in neither of these cases is the oil sprayed intothe vaporizing-chamber under high pressure. In the reissue granted toliIcCarthy, No. 9,895, of 1881, is described a process of making gas inwhich retorts are used, and the carbonic oxide and hydrogen from oneretort passed into a carbureting-retort, the said carbonic oxide andhydrogen in its passage forcing in oilin the form of spray; but thisdiffers from our process, in that the water-gas firsts meet the oil inbulk, and is used to spray and inject it into the carbureting-retortunder slight pressure, while in'our process the oil is forced into thecarbujreting retort or chamber by mechanical means, and is very minutelysprayed, and then-in that high state of subdivision it meetsforjtliefirst time the water-gas, which'vaporizes it by the heatcontained therein. In McOarthys process his retorts are externallyheated, and the oil is vaporized mainly by the heat of the externalfire, for the process used by him to inject the oil would greatly coolthe water-gas.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a water-gas worksembodying our improvements. Fig. 2 is a cross-section of the.

y of the scrubber, and Fig. 7 is a sectional ele vation of the deviceused for spraying the oil into the vaporizing-chamber under pressure.

The

p which contracted part the flue A to the superheater extends.

G O are two doors,hinged at their outer sides to the curved frame 0,which is riveted to generator-casing in front of the grate B, the saiddoors closing tightly upon the rim of said curved piece and a centervertical bar, 0 com'- mon to both doors. These doors are set at an angleto each other, as shown in Fig. 2, to bring them as close to thegenerator-casing as possible, and are clamped in position by arms 0pivoted to the frame 0 through which a screw, 6 provided with handles,works, the bottom of said arm being held by alink, C". To open the doorsthe screw is turned to loosen the arm and the link pushed oh", and thenthe arm, carrying the screw, is turned up, and may be supported in anysuitable manner, the doors then being free to open or close. By this.construction the doors extend the full width of the grate, making itmore easy to extract clinkers and keep the fire in order; and in thesame manner the doors expose the full width of the ash-pitB belowthegrate. The generatormay be supported upon the usual foundation, A and isprovided with the usual air-blast pipe, A, and steam-pipe A for theadmission of air and steam, the air being used to raise the coal toincandescence, and the steam to produce the carbonic oxide and hydrogenby decomposition with the hot carbon with which it is broughtintocontact. sheet-iron casing D down to the ground, and thereby dispensewith the usual piers, which are expensive tomake,and,forrigidity,thecasing below the ash-pit may be braced b'y ribs superh'eater D, which isprovided with a perforated arch, D forming the crown of chamberDa'ndsupportingtheopendiamond-shaped fire-brick. work D The superheater maybe cleaned through a door, D, attop. The casing of the superheater maybe extended down, as-in the case of the generator, and rest uponafoundation. The construction of this method of supporting thegenerator, superheater, 850.,

E, which may be constructed as shown in Fig.

7, in-which a spindle, e, is adjusted by a screw.- thread, 0 andstationary nut 6 the said spindle being rotated by a handle, E The endeof the spindle is made conical, with a projection, 6 onits'extreinepoint,the cone 0 workingintoahole', E, in the head of thenozzle,which in practice is 1 preferablyflush with theiuner face of thelining.

The oil is forced into the'nozzle under press- We prefer to extend theare by a pump, F, or other equivalent means, through a pipe, 6 the saidpump drawing its supply of oil from a reservoir, F, by pipe f. The oilis forced through aperture E and strikes the projection 6 and issprayedinto a fine mist. Any other nozzle may be used. The top of thegenerator may be the place at which the oil is sprayed, as indicated bydotted lines at E; but, for'the reasons previously specified, we preferto inject it at the bottom of superheater. The flue D opens from the topof the superheater into the stack G and pipe H, leading to the washer orseal I. The

fiue D is shut off from the chimney or stack by a valve, G, which maybeworked by a lever, G. The pipe H extends down to the-top of the tank I,which is preferably made circular, and a continuatiomH, of said pipeextends down almost to the water-line in said tank. Arranged within thetank is a conical sheet-iron piece, 1 which encircles the pipe H andextends almost down to the water-line, it being of greater diameter atbottom. .Arr' ranged below the end of pipe 11 is a cup or seal, 1, whichis guided by a ring encircling said pipe, and is raised or lowered by avertical rod, 1 working through a packing guidebox, 1 and operated by alever, I,which may be operated by hand or by a rod, 9, connected withthe lever G or moving part of valve Gr, so that when the valve G isclosed the seal is down, but when the valve is raised the seal is closedto prevent backward escape of gas. Water is running into the pipe Hconstantly by a pipe, It, so that if from any cause the water in theseal cup became rapidly vaporized it would be immediately replaced,thereby keeping the seal perfect. If it is desired to clean the cup I,it may be swung around upon its rod 1 as an axis and brought close tothe cleaning-door l t is an overflow-pipe, and i is a dischargepipe,both of which enter the well P. The gas from the tank I passes up apipe, J, into the -condenserK,which is shown in Fig. 5, and consists ofa closed sheet-iron cylinder, having a chamber, J, at top, and one, J atbottom, said chambers being connected together by tubes J The spacebetween the chambers and around the tubes is filled with. .cold water,which enters by a pipe, j, at the bottom and overflows by goose-neckedpipes J in the chamber J at top, and discharge their jets of water downthrough the tubes J into the bottom chamber, J where it runs off bypipej to well P. The gas then passes from the bottom chamber, J by afine or pipe, L, to top of scrubberllLwhich consists ot'a closedsheet-iron cylinder, divided longitudinally by a division-plate, M, andat various levels are arranged cross-rods, of wood, to break up thewater which falls from nozzles m-at top, arid at the same time offer aresistance to the passage of the gas and keep it in better contact withthe water. The bottom of the division dips into the water-seal atthe'bottom of the scrubber, the water'bei'ug kept at a given level by anoverflow-pipe, O, in connec- IOO IIO

tion with well P. The gas passes through the water, and passes off bypipe N to the gas holder.

The operation is as follows: The generator beingcharged with coal, thesame is ignited, and blast from the air-nozzle turned on. When blowingup, the valve G is open and seal 1 closed, and the products ofcombustion pass into the chamber D of the superheater, where they may beburned further with air from a pipe, S, and after heating thesuperheater-lining they pass off through the chimney. When the coal inthe generator is red hot the airblast is shut otf, and valve G closedand waterseal 1 opened. Now, upon turning on steam by pipe A into thegenerator, andpumpi n g oil through the nozzle E under great pressure, aperfect water-gas is generated and carbureted,

and the illuminating-gas so produced passes down pipe H through pipeH,e'scaping freely overthe water in tank I, is thrown down toward thewater again by part 1 causing the deposition of tar, and finally passesoff by pipe J intothe condenser, where it meets the warm est water firstand coldest water last, and after being condensed it passes by pipe L tothe scrubber, where it is further treated with wa tor and made to passthrough water, and from there it finally passes to the holder bypipe N.In this application we make no claim to the condenser or scrubber, norto the specific construction of the water-seal, as these will. formsubject-matter of a future application.

In this application we do not claim the specific construction of thesuperheater, as that will form subject-matter of another application.

Having now described our invention, what we claim as new, and desire tosecure by Let ters Patent, is-

1. A gas-generator having its internal walls made conical, the internaldiameter being largest at the grate and smallest at the top, incombination with a grate extending its full width to the casing infront,two doorsarranged at an angle to each other and hinged at theirouter sides, seats for said doors, andmeans to secure said doors tightupon their seats, sub stantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. A gas-generator, superheater, &c., provided on the bottom with anextension of their sheet-iron casin g, the bottom of said extensionresting upon the foundation, and the top of said extension being on alevel with the fioor or bottom of lining of said generator, &c.,substantially as set forth, and for the purpose of dispensing with stoneor brick piers.

3. The combination of a generator supplied with air and steam pipes andsuperheater of a gas apparatus with an oil-nozzle, and means to spraythe oil into the vaporizing-chamber under great pressure and mix ittherein with previously-produced water-gas, substantially as and for thepurpose specified.

4. The combination of a generator supplied with steam and air pipes anda superheater of a gas apparatus with an oil-nozzle, means to force theoil, and means to spray the oil into the exit for the water-gas betweenits place of generation and washer, substantially :as and for thepurpose specified.

5. The combination of a generator and a superheater, the top of theformer being on a level with the bottom of thelatter, with aflueconnecting said generator with the superheater, a chamber arranged inthe bottom of the superheater, a spraying oil-nozzle openinginto saidchamber and facing. the flue from generator, and mechanical means toforce oil under press are into said chamber in the form of finelydividedspray, substantiallyas and for the purpose specified. I

6. In a generator for making gas, the grate extending its full width tothe casing, in combination with two doors arranged at an angle to eachother and hinged at their outer sides, seats for said doors, and meansto secure said doors tight upon their seats, substantially as l and forthe purpose specified.

7. The combination of a generator and a superheater with anexit or smokeflue provided with a valve, a flue leading from the superheater to thegas-holder, an adjustable waterseal arranged in said flue, andconnecting mechanism between the valve of the smokeflue and theadjustable water-seal, whereby the water-seal is operated to close thegas-outlet when the smoke-valve is opehed, substantially as for thepurpose set forth.

8. The combination, in generator A, of the grate B, frame 0, doors 0 0,vertical bar 0 hinged arms 0 links 0, and screws G substantially as andfor the purpose specified.

9., The herein-described process for carbureting previously-producedwater-gas, which consists in passing said Water-gas into ahighlyheatedchamber, and therein spraying oil under great pressure and intimatelymixing said Water-gas and oil mist, vaporizing the oil through theagency of the highly-heated watergas, and finally passing said mixturethrough a superheating or fixing chamber, substantially as set forth. i

In testimony ot'which invention we hereunto set our hands.

JOSEPH H. COLLINS, JR. A. O. GRANGER.

. Witnesses as to signature of Joseph H. 001-

